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An ebook is an electronic format of a regular book. The only difference between a regular book and an ebook is that ebooks are not printed on paper. Ebooks are published in a large variety of electronic file formats (PDF files for exmaple) and can therefore be acquired in formats appropriate for almost any hardware device. Ebooks can be downloaded in a matter of minutes depending on the size of the file and the speed of your internet connection. Ebooks come in all different sizes, depending on the length of the book and the number of images. A novel of about 300 pages can be downloaded in a matter of minutes.
NURSING CARE PLAN
A nursing care plan outlines the nursing care to be provided to a patient. It is a set of actions the nurse will implement to resolve nursing problems identified by assessment. The creation of the plan is an intermediate stage of the nursing process. It guides in the ongoing provision of nursing care and assists in the evaluation of that care.
In the USA, the nursing care plan may consist of a NANDA nursing diagnosis with related factors and subjective and objective data that support the diagnosis, nursing outcome classifications with specified outcomes (or goals) to be achieved including deadlines, and nursing intervention classifications with specified interventions.(Wikipedia)
Bronchial asthma is a disease caused by increased responsiveness of the tracheobronchial tree to various stimuli. The result is paroxysmal constriction of the bronchial airways. Bronchial asthma is the more correct name for the common form of asthma. The term 'bronchial' is used to differentiate it from 'cardiac' asthma, which is a separate condition that is caused
by heart failure. Although the two types of asthma have similar symptoms, including wheezing (a whistling sound in the chest) and shortness of breath, they have quite different causes.
Bronchial asthma is a disease of the lungs in which an obstructive ventilation disturbance of the respiratory passages evokes a feeling of shortness of breath. The cause is a sharply elevated resistance to airflow in the airways. Despite its most strenuous efforts, the respiratory musculature is unable to provide sufficient gas exchange. The result is a characteristic asthma attack, with spasms of the bronchial musculature, edematous swelling of the bronchial wall and increased mucus secretion. In the initial stage, the patient can be totally symptom-free for long periods of time in the intervals between the attacks. As the disease progresses, increased mucus is secreted between attacks as well, which in part builds up in the airways and can then lead to secondary bacterial infections. Bronchial asthma is usually intrinsic (no cause can be demonstrated), but is occasionally caused by a specific allergy (such as allergy to mold, dander, dust). Although most individuals with asthma will have some positive allergy tests, the allergy is not necessarily the cause of the asthma symptoms.
Asuhan Keperawatan pada Pasien dengan ASTHMA BRONKHIALE
ASTHMA BRONKHIALE
A. Pengertian
Asthma adalah suatu gangguan yang komplek dari bronkial yang dikarakteristikan oleh periode bronkospasme (kontraksi spasme yang lama pada jalan nafas). (Polaski : 1996).
Asthma adalah gangguan pada jalan nafas bronkial yang dikateristikan dengan bronkospasme yang reversibel. (Joyce M. Black : 1996).
Asthma adalah penyakit jalan nafas obstruktif intermiten, reversibel dimana trakea dan bronkhi berespon secara hiperaktif terhadap stimulasi tertentu. (Smelzer Suzanne : 2001).
Asthma bronchial adalah suatu penyakit dengan ciri meningkatnya respon.
trakea dan bronkus terhadap berbagai rangsangan dengan manifestasi adanya penyempitan jalan nafas yang luas dan derajatnya dapat berubah-ubah baik secara spontan maupun hasil dari pengobatan (The American Thoracic Society).
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