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What are ebooks?
An ebook is an electronic format of a regular book. The only difference between a regular book and an ebook is that ebooks are not printed on paper. Ebooks are published in a large variety of electronic file formats (PDF files for exmaple) and can therefore be acquired in formats appropriate for almost any hardware device. Ebooks can be downloaded in a matter of minutes depending on the size of the file and the speed of your internet connection. Ebooks come in all different sizes, depending on the length of the book and the number of images. A novel of about 300 pages can be downloaded in a matter of minutes.
NURSING CARE PLAN
A nursing care plan outlines the nursing care to be provided to a patient. It is a set of actions the nurse will implement to resolve nursing problems identified by assessment. The creation of the plan is an intermediate stage of the nursing process. It guides in the ongoing provision of nursing care and assists in the evaluation of that care.
In the USA, the nursing care plan may consist of a NANDA nursing diagnosis with related factors and subjective and objective data that support the diagnosis, nursing outcome classifications with specified outcomes (or goals) to be achieved including deadlines, and nursing intervention classifications with specified interventions.(Wikipedia)
Biochemically, it is typically detected by an elevated serum creatinine. In the science of physiology, renal failure is described as a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate. When the kidneys malfunction, problems frequently encountered are abnormal fluid levels in the body, deranged acid levels, abnormal levels of potassium, calcium, phosphate, hematuria (blood in the urine) and (in the longer term) anemia. Long-term kidney problems have significant repercussions on other diseases, such as cardiovascular disease.
GAGAL GINJAL
Gagal ginjal kronis atau penyakit renal tahap akhir (ESRD) merupakan gangguan fungsi renal yang progresif dan irreversibel dimana kemampuan tubuh gagal untuk mempertahankan metabolisme dan keseimbangan cairan dan elektrolit. Gagal ginjal kronis terjadi dengan lambat selama berbulan-bulan atau bertahun-tahun, dengan penurunan bertahap dengan fungsi ginjal dan peningkatan bertahap dalam gejala-gejala, menyebabkan penyakit ginjal tahap akhir (PGTA). Gagal ginjal kronis biasanya akibat akhir dari kehilangan fungsi ginjal lanjut secara bertahap. Gangguan fungsi ginjal adalah penurunan laju filtrasi glomerulus yang dapat digolongkan ringan, sedang dan berat. Azotemia adalah peningkatan nitrogen urea darah (BUN) dan ditegakkan bila konsentrasi ureum plasma meningkat.
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